motorcycle; motorbike; bicycle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to this extent; to this degree; this much
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
high rice field; very fertile rice field
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university