indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
boundary; border; limit; bounds; frontier
tunnel; to tunnel (through a potential barrier); letting a grounder go through one's legs
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
moment; brief space of time
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to tame (e.g. animal); to domesticate
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to shut in; to confine; to contain
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
career; carrier (disease, signal, warship, etc.); carrier; telephone company; career government employee
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)