year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
just; justifiable; right; due; proper; equitable
handing down (information); legend; tradition; folklore; transmission
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
now; the present time; just now; another; more