prefix for forming ordinal numbers
match; game; bout; contest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
attending (upon); keeping another company; being a confidant; fairy tale
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
fighting (against); taking on (an opponent); facing; confronting; competing (with); battle
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pitch (e.g. in baseball); pile (of noodles, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
a little; a few; small; only; just; merely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
secret plan; secret scheme; secret stratagem; secret method
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
anti-; antithesis; fanqie; traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone
important point (e.g. on a route); important role (responsibility, etc.); opposition
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
car; vehicle; van; (train) car; carriage
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
well, ...; right, ...; so; then; that way (would mean ...); if that is the case
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
to make a display of; to show off; to flaunt
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo