indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
how; in what way; how about
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
whirlwind; sensation; commotion; hullabaloo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
technique; art; skill; move