indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
one's body; one's person; oneself; one's appearance; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inhuman; heinous; atrocious
upstart; nouveau riche; new money; piece promoted to gold general
right (to do something); authority; power
holiday house; vacation home; villa; prison; jail
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to board (a train, plane, etc.); to get into (a car); to get on (a bus); to march into; to enter; to arrive (at, in)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to lie in wait (for); to be on the watch (for); to wait (for); to watch (for)
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
common; ordinary; fair (e.g. fight); gracious; frank; open
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that's true; of course; obviously