now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
magic; sorcery; incantation
technical college; higher schools and colleges
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica); flowering bamboo
death penalty; capital punishment
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to turn up (hem, sleeves, etc.); to fold back (e.g. a page); to turn back; to double back; to enter (the second half; e.g. of a match); to do immediately (e.g. call back, answer an email)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
grandfather; male senior-citizen
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!