unpleasant; disagreeable; displeasing; uncomfortable; unhappy
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
one's nature or personality; inherent; innate
area; domain; territory; field; range; region
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
high grade; special grade; classy
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica); flowering bamboo
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
adds force or indicates command
in that way; thus; so; so?
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
binding; regulation; limit; binding period (e.g. phone or broadband contract); minimum contract term
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
use; utilization; utilisation; application
bill; bill of sale; tab (for later payment); credit; contact move (in go); direct attack to an enemy stone; sound effect produced by striking with clappers a wooden board in kabuki
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
just a minute; small quantity
to have much trouble; to have a hard time; to not know how to handle
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...