indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
magical power; mystical force
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
brother (usu. in names of films, companies, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of