indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
in that way; thus; so; so?
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to call in; to invite; to bring in
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
winning streak; good time to make a profit
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
suffix for familiar person
preliminary arrangements; preparation; spadework; pre-cooking
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
startup; booting up; activation; starting (e.g. engine, computer); launch
festival; feast; carnival
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
dense (e.g. fog, dust, etc.); thick; vague (as in being unable to think clearly); dim
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for