firefight; gun battle; shoot-out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
consideration; concern; attention; thoughtfulness; making arrangements; care
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
to make sacrifices for; to pay dearly for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
ordinary citizen; the general public
to look down on (someone); to make fun of; to put down; to treat with contempt; to underestimate
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
all present; all concerned; all of us
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to chase away; to drive away; to drive out
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way