indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
master; Your lordship; My lord; husband
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine