indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
nori; laver; edible seaweed, usu. Porphyra yezoensis or P. tenera, usu. dried and pressed into sheets
suffix for familiar person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
alone; by oneself; on one's own
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah