indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drive mad; to make insane; to cause a malfunction; to put out of order; to derail (a plan, etc.)
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chaos; turmoil; pandemonium; havoc
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall into (e.g. a hole); to fall into (chaos, depression, dilemma, illness, etc.); to fall into (a trap, etc.); to fall; to surrender
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
artificial satellite; man-made satellite
impossible; incapable (of doing); incompetence; inability; impotence; having no solution (of an equation)
to disappear into; to be lost in; to do something under the cover of (confusion, etc.); to be almost indistinguishable; to be confusingly similar; to be diverted from (negative emotions, etc.)
evil deed; wrongdoing; crime; misfortune; calamity
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to jump up; to start up; to leap to one's feet; to fly away; to take off
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
invulnerability; immortality; insensibility to pain
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
this way (of doing); this method; this sort (of thing); this type
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dancer (esp. a bugaku dancer)