indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
to dwell; to live; to stay at; to take shelter at; to be pregnant; to be part of a constellation
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
tunnel; to tunnel (through a potential barrier); letting a grounder go through one's legs
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn towards; to point
dusk; twilight; twilight years; melancholia; melancholic nostalgia
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to