what's what; heads or tails
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
family; relatives; dependents; household
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
special; particular; peculiar; unique
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
self-consciousness; self-awareness
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
beyond this point; from now on; after this
even more; still more; further
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
senior high school student