present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
headquarters; head office; main office
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
refusal; rejection; denial; veto
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
(police) detective; criminal matter
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to do someone in; to bump someone off
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to give (an example); to list; to summon up (e.g. all of one's energy); to gather; to arrest (a criminal); to capture; to nominate (e.g. for a position)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
circumstances; sequence of events; how things got this way; details; particulars