indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to be called; to do
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to receive favor; to receive assistance; to receive help; to be looked after; to be taken care of; to become dependent (on)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while traveling (travelling); present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
one's post; place of work; workplace
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about; questionable
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
some; any; please; anyway; anyhow
selfish; egoist; (arch.) self-indulgent; (arch.) wilful; (arch.) willful
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
trouble; bother; annoyance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam