indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
unique flavor (flavour); (degree of) flavouring; distinctive quality; special charm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
young person; youth; young
soldier; combatant; warrior
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
strenuous effort; hard struggle; working hard; hard fighting; fierce fighting
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
elder; senior; senior monk; dean; presbyter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
pinch; tough spot; bind; clothespin; clothes peg
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
massacre; annihilation; wholesale slaughter
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
in an instant; in a flash; right away; immediately
to put in order; to tidy up; to settle (a matter); to solve; to finish; to get through
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled; to be granted; to be answered (of a prayer); to be requited (of love)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
I; me; self-centered man; egotistical man; pompous man