indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
before one's very eyes; under one's nose; imminence; close at hand
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
useless resistance; vain struggle
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
another; one more; even more; (not) quite; (not) very
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff