indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
joint struggle; common (united) front
intruder; invader; trespasser; raider
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence; pretense; (a customer) coming to restaurant, ryokan, etc. without a reservation or introduction
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to knock (someone) down; to floor; to beat up; to deal a devastating blow (from which one cannot recover); to devastate (emotionally); to crush
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
level; standard; level (amount or quantity); level (plane); level (instrument); spirit level
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
soldier; combatant; warrior
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
if one is unlucky; if one is careless
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
no!; no no!; no, not at all
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
reality; actuality; practice (as opposed to theory); truly; really; bhutakoti (limit of reality)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point