indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to expose (a secret); to disclose; to take apart; to take to pieces; to kill; to do away with
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
suffix for familiar person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
of course; certainly; naturally
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
beginning; outset; first; onset
malicious gossip; backbiting; speaking ill behind someone's back
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
remainder; remnant; the rest; what is left; balance; leftovers
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat; home page (of a website)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
disclosure; exposure; revelation
all; entire; whole; altogether
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
human relations; personal relationships
destruction; disruption; (application) crash