teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
to fall fast asleep; to be confined to one's bed; to be laid up
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
leading; guiding; commanding
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to pull apart; to separate; to draw; to tie (a game)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude