indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
clothing; costume; outfit; garment; dress
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
division of work; sharing out the work; splitting into groups (e.g. to search for someone); separating into parties
hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
(doing) together; one lump; one mixture; the same; identical; (at) the same time
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
division of labor; division of labour; specialization; specialisation; assembly-line production
system; organization; organisation; imperial command; laws; regulation
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
small tool; gadget; (stage) properties; prop; prop master
finish; finishing; finishing touches
process; operation; stage of a process; progress of work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
doll; puppet; marionette; puppet (person under the control of another); straw man; yes-man
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
countenance; features; looks
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
all; entire; whole; altogether