my goodness!; oh my!; oh dear!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
showy; loud; flashy; gaudy
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
physical condition; state of health; shape
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
how long; how far; how much
to pass (of time); to elapse
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
first day of the month; the first of the month
big; large; drastic; full-width cloth (approx. 72 cm wide for traditional Japanese clothing; approx. 140 cm wide for Western clothing)
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
renewal; update; replacement; renovation; breaking (a record)
treatment (medical, cosmetic, massage, etc.); carrying out (therapy, hypnosis, etc.); practicing; surgical operation; procedure
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
what; how; what (a) ...!; how ...!; surprisingly; to my amazement
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
incompetence; inefficiency; inability; incompetent person
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
misfortune; bad luck; ill luck; ill fortune
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
conquest (of a difficulty, illness, crisis, etc.); overcoming; surmounting; bringing under control
medicine; medical art; medical skills
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
meaning; significance; sense
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
newcomer; initiate; rookie
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stick to; to cling to; to adhere to; to become intimate (of a man and woman); to get close; to get married
number one; first; best; most; game; round
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt