past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
living by oneself; living alone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
life; living; I; me; student
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
sleeping like a log; (being) fast asleep (bombed, crashed)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to this extent; to this degree; this much
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
suffix for familiar person
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
physical strength; power; stamina; strength (of a business, economy, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)