indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to wriggle; to squirm; to crawl like a worm
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
tea party; get-together; tea ceremony
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to fill with (emotion, enthusiasm, power, etc.); to imbue with; to fill a space (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. of a voice)
only; just; (ever) since; after; continuously; remaining (in a particular state)
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to worry (about); to fuss (over); to be careful (about); to pay attention (to); to take (good) care of
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
don't you think?; indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
story; tale; talk; discussion
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
impossible to do (although wants to)
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
please (give me); please (do for me)