indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
caravan; group of people touring to sell, investigate, etc.
trader; dealer; businessperson; fellow trader; people in the same trade
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
going ahead; going first; preceding; coming before; scoring first; getting off to a lead
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
reason; circumstances; grounds; because of; due to; as a result of
more than usual (usu. time)
scale; scope; plan; structure
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
entertainment (of guests; esp. in the corporate world); treating (to food and drinks); wining and dining
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
is that so?; I see; right; oh
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
diplomacy; selling (e.g. door-to-door); canvassing
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
your will; your pleasure; your wish; certainly; as you say; you are quite right
moisture; humidity; dampness
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
clothes; garment; gown; robe; coating (e.g. glaze, batter, icing)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)