what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
how things should be; the way something ought to be; ideal state; ideal form
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
dyer's knotweed (Persicaria tinctoria, used to produce indigo dye); indigo (dye); indigo (colour)
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
first generation; founder
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
familiarity with the land; (having) knowledge about a place
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate