indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to step aside; to move (out of the way); to make way
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
(one's) self; oneself; yourself; himself; herself
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
tool; implement; means; furniture
immortality; eternal life; undeath; undead
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
chance; start; opportunity; cause; reason; excuse
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
masterpiece; masterwork; crowning work; one's magnum opus; work of the highest quality
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to