above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
stairs; stairway; staircase
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to be found; to be discovered
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
feeling; sense; impression
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
lower layer; layer beneath; lower strata (classes)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
dwarf (esp. in folklore or fantasy literature)
to manufacture; to produce; to raise (crops); to invent; to dream up; to create
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
use; utilization; utilisation; application
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
waterway; canal; channel; swimming pool lane
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at one's feet; underfoot; gait; pace; most recent; current
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stretch around (e.g. a fence, dragnet, etc.); to lay out (e.g. a wiring system, network, etc.); to string up (e.g. an antenna, ship's rigging, etc.)