indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
activity (esp. energetic or successful); great efforts; active participation; walking about with great vigor
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
breath; breathing; concord; harmony; steam (coming off hot food, tea, etc.); (water) vapor
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
nothing but; except; no more than
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; the present time; just now; another; more
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
scattered; disperse; loose; disconnected; in pieces; in drops
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
cell; cell (in an organization, esp. a communist party)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
revival (of an old system, custom, fashion, etc.); restoration; return; resurrection; rebirth
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
program (of events, music, etc.); programme; program (booklet); brochure; (computer) program; programming
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than