indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nothing but; except; no more than
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to swing downward; to bring down (one's sword, fist, etc.)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to bake (a design onto ceramic); to fire (on); to burn into (one's memory); to sear into; to print (from a negative); to brand; to fuse together (metals)
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
is that so?; I see; right; oh
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
expulsion (of a pupil); excommunication; anathema; expulsion (from a gang)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to render futile; to bring to naught; to waste; to not make good use of
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
how; in what way; how about