to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
spy working for the Edo shogunate; oniwaban
great numbers (of people); numerical superiority; masses; people; folk; clique
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
survival; survivor; relic
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
innumerable; countless; numberless
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
stool (stood on to reach high objects); small stepladder; (fig.) stepping stone
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
people; citizens; subjects; folk
why; how; for what reason
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed