indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
time; hour; period; class
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
meaning; called; named; that says; that
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
match; game; bout; contest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get tired of; to tire of; to lose interest in; to become sated; to become satiated; to have one's fill
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
to be excited; to be nervous; to be thrilled
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
what kind of; what sort of; what
(as for (that)) thing; (given (that)) thing; matter; (it is a ...) thing; matter; fact
this and that; this or that; one thing after another
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)