present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
by means of; due to; because of; according to
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
inhabitant; resident; citizen; population
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
epicenter (of an earthquake); epicentre; source (of a rumor, incident, etc.); origin
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
guidance; leading; induction; introduction; incitement; inducement
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
defense; defence; protection
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
toilet; restroom; bathroom; going to the toilet; relieving oneself
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
cooperation; coordination; collaboration; integration; linking
parking lot; car park; carpark; parking garage
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family