indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
defense; defence; protection
troops; group members; team members; SDF officials
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
aim; goal; purpose; look; eyes; expression of eyes
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm