measuring instrument; instrumentation
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
conduction (of heat or electricity); transmission (of light or sound); conduction (of a nerve impulse)
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
clan; partisans; participation (e.g. in a plot); one flavour; one charm; one ingredient (in traditional Chinese medicine)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
oh; right; I see; OK; gotcha
to have (urgent) business; to have something one needs to attend to; to have something one wants to say (to someone)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to knock (someone) off their feet; to knock down; to send flying; to strike; to drive away (one's sorrows, worries, etc.); to dispel
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
training; drill; practice; discipline