to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to spin; to make yarn; to spin (a tale); to assemble (e.g. words); to put together
last moment; eleventh hour; platform made of dirt used to perform executions (decapitations) in the Edo period
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
little by little; bit by bit
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
little power; little influence; (one's) poor ability; limited ability; what little one can do
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
physical strength; power; stamina; strength (of a business, economy, etc.)
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shave off; to scrape off
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
to weaken; to grow weak; to be downcast; to be dejected; to be troubled; to be at a loss
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)