seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
of course; certainly; naturally
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
inner palace (reserved for women); harem; seraglio; consort of the emperor
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
public area of the Imperial Palace where the emperor carries out official business
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) well; (not) properly; (not) enough; (not) sufficiently; (not) satisfactorily; (not) decently
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
little by little; bit by bit
to increase; to add to; to augment
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
office (e.g. the Oval Office)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
trifling; trivial; slight
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
playing with dirt; gardening; farming (as a hobby)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
difficult; tough; formidable; redoubtable; stubborn
what kind of; what sort of; what
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
pomegranate (Punica granatum)
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign