to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Chiyo; Kaga no Chiyo (1703-1775)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
vice president (of a club, organization, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to catch; to capture; to grab; to clutch; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
fingers; fingertips; underling; stooge; tool
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
it cannot be that ...; it is highly unlikely that ...; it is impossible that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
rather; better; instead; if anything
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
inevitable; necessary; certain; inevitability; necessity
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
remaining silent; keeping secret
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm