indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
selection; choice; picking out; National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament; Spring Koshien
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
then; well; so; well then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
older sister; elder sister
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
exile; banishment; eviction; elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
dissolution of a feudal clan by the shogunate and confiscation of its fief
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
fight; dispute; feud; competition; contest; rivalry
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
lovely; dear; beloved; pitiable; pitiful
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be badly made; to fail
pity; sorrow; pitiable; pitiful; alack; alas
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
waste; scrap; garbage; scum; piece of trash; loser
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
moment; instant; just then; right at that moment; for a moment; for an instant
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity