indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
please (give me); please (do for me)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
permission; allowance; acceptance; tolerance; pardon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
nothing but; except; no more than
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
small fish; small fry; (a) nobody; small fry; noob; weak player
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to do together; to put together; to lump together; to regard in the same light; to put in the same category; to arrange for (two people) to marry
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
generally; on the whole; general; rough; outline; main points
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)