yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
there is nothing; having nothing
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
is that so?; I see; right; oh
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to disappear into; to be lost in; to do something under the cover of (confusion, etc.); to be almost indistinguishable; to be confusingly similar; to be diverted from (negative emotions, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
point (of a story, argument, etc.); key point; point; site; point (in scoring); point (in a loyalty program); points
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
prey; catch; kill; spoils; trophy; loot
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
such; this sort of; like this
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to be noisy; to be astir; to be abuzz; to be in commotion; to be aflutter; to be unsettled
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to settle; to finish; to bring to an end
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam