indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
autonomy; right of self-government
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to make a circle around; to surround; to circle; to come around (of a season, anniversary, turn, etc.); to return
war; fighting; fierce competition
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to spend; to expend; to waste; to squander; to devote
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
main force; main strength; main effort; primary focus
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nearly; almost; on the verge (of happening)
to stab each other; to sacrifice oneself in order to harm someone else
blunder; fault; error; mistake; failure; disgrace
to act (a part); to play (a role); to perform (a play, etc.); to put on (a production); to commit (e.g. a blunder); to disgrace oneself
wisdom; intelligence; sagacity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to report; to inform; to repay; to return; to requite
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
to fill (with); to be filled with; to express (an emotion); to project (sadness, joy, etc.); to wear (e.g. a smile)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that well-known ...; the one and only ...; that; those; the
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryō system)
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what kind of; what sort of; what
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(field) marshal; (fleet) admiral; general of the army
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become