indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to fail; to blunder; to make a mess; to drink up; to eat up
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
inhabitant; resident; citizen; population
questionnaire; survey; poll
by means of; due to; because of; according to
drama; play; powerful drug
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
ill-bred; vulgar; boorish
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
wounded person; injured person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start