indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
so; like this; in this way
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
network; Internet; net (hair, netball, etc.); net (price, weight, etc.); nett
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
of course; certainly; naturally
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
until now; so far; up to the present
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend