tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fighting a good fight; putting up a good fight; fighting bravely
empty; void; vain; fruitless; lifeless
emergency landing; forced landing; crash landing
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to pull up; to drag up; to increase; to raise (e.g. taxes); to withdraw; to leave; to promote (someone to a higher position)
Japanese pronunciation of a kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
in that way; thus; so; so?
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)