here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pin down; to hold down; to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to get a hold of; to obtain
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
base (military, expedition, etc.)
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
participation; joining; entry; adherence
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
assorted vegetables for sukiyaki (esp. green onion)
one machine; one aircraft; one life
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
to count on; to expect; to put confidence in; to trust in; to depend on
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
departure; setting off; being used up; being consumed; passage of time; lapse; rehearsal