indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to dedicate; to make an offering; to supply; to store; to finish; to bring to a close; to restore (something to its place)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
Japanese pronunciation of a kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations)
dukedom; duchy; principality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
persistent; obstinate; tenacious; relentless; insistent; importunate
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
town; city; municipal; urban
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
to go down and stand; to alight; to get down
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed